Temporal Urbanism in the Passive–Active Dynamics of Pedestrian Behavior along Piere Tendean Street, Manado City
Keywords:
Coastal street corridor, Pedestrian behavior, Streetscape, Temporal urbanism, Thermal comfortAbstract
The Piere Tendean Street corridor in Manado City lies within a high-intensity coastal commercial area, yet its pedestrian streetscape quality does not yet provide adequate comfort. The scarcity of vegetation and dominance of hardscape have led to a decline in pedestrian activity, while coastal climate also influences the comfort of public space use according to time of day. This study aims to identify the phenomenon of temporal urbanism through the distribution of vegetation and activity centers in shaping the passive-active dynamics of human behavior along the corridor. The method used is a qualitative-explorative approach through temporal-behavioral mapping and visual documentation of vegetation at two observation periods, 11:00–13:00 and 16:00–19:00 WITA, to analyze the relationship between the corridor's physical conditions, temporal rhythm of space use, and users' behavioral adaptation. Results show that existing vegetation has not formed continuous functional shade, causing users to move directly toward shopping centers at midday without using transitional space. In the late afternoon, as building shadows lengthen and comfort increases, the corridor transforms into an active social space marked by gathering points, sports activities, and informal interaction. The overlay map confirms that pedestrian behavior is shaped by the temporal relationship between shade, coastal visual access, and spatial configuration, not commercial function alone. The study concludes that coastal corridor design requires a time-inclusive streetscape approach, with local vegetation and community interaction spaces as the basis for design recommendations.
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