Analisis Eksperimental Pengaruh Sabo Dam Tipe Beam terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Debris pada Variasi Kemiringan Saluran
Keywords:
aliran debris, sabo dam tipe beam, bilangan Froude, kecepatan aliran, efisiensi reteni, Debris flow, Beam-type sabo dam, Froude number, Flow velocity, Retention efficiencyAbstract
ABSTRAK
Aliran debris merupakan salah satu bencana hidrometeorologi yang berdampak besar terhadap infrastruktur, lingkungan, dan keselamatan masyarakat, khususnya di wilayah dengan topografi curam. Untuk mengurangi risiko yang ditimbulkan, berbagai strategi mitigasi struktural telah dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah penggunaan sabo dam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sabo dam tipe beam terhadap karakteristik aliran debris dengan mempertimbangkan variasi kemiringan saluran, yakni 6°, 8°, dan 10°. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan flume pada debit konstan, dengan fokus pengamatan pada tiga parameter utama: tinggi muka air, kecepatan aliran, dan bilangan Froude. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan sabo dam secara signifikan memengaruhi dinamika aliran, dengan peningkatan nilai Froude yang mengindikasikan pergeseran rezim aliran dari subkritis menjadi superkritis. Di sisi lain, sabo dam tipe beam terbukti efektif dalam menahan material debris seperti sedimen, batu besar (boulder), dan kayu, meskipun efektivitas retensi mengalami penurunan pada saluran dengan kemiringan lebih tinggi akibat meningkatnya gaya inersia dan kecepatan aliran. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi langsung antara geometri saluran dan kinerja hidraulik sabo dam. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam desain struktur pengendali sedimen yang adaptif terhadap kondisi medan, serta dapat menjadi referensi teknis dalam pengembangan kebijakan mitigasi bencana berbasis infrastruktur di daerah rawan aliran debris.
ABSTRACT
Debris flow is a hydrometeorological disaster with significant impacts on infrastructure, the environment, and public safety, particularly in areas with steep topography. To mitigate the associated risks, various structural mitigation strategies have been developed, one of which is the use of sabo dams. This study aims to analyze the effect of beam-type sabo dams on debris flow characteristics by considering variations in channel slope, namely 6°, 8°, and 10°. The method employed is a laboratory experiment using a flume with constant discharge, focusing on three main parameters: water surface elevation, flow velocity, and Froude number. The results show that the installation of sabo dams significantly affects flow dynamics, with an increase in Froude numbers indicating a shift in flow regime from subcritical to supercritical conditions. On the other hand, beam-type sabo dams were proven effective in retaining debris materials such as sediment, large boulders, and woody debris, although retention efficiency decreased at higher slopes due to increased inertial forces and flow velocity. These findings demonstrate a direct correlation between channel geometry and the hydraulic performance of sabo dams. This research provides important contributions to the design of sediment control structures that are adaptive to field conditions and can serve as a technical reference in the development of infrastructure-based disaster mitigation policies in debris flow-prone areas.
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