Efektivitas Deflektor Silinder Pori Bertulang dalam Mengurangi Kecepatan Aliran di Sekitar Pilar Jembatan
Keywords:
kecepatan aliran, Pilar Jembatan, Gerusan Lokal, Deflektor Silinder Pori, Perlindungan Struktur Hidraulik, Flow velocity, Bridge Pier, Local Scour, Porous Cylinder Deflector,, Hydraulic Structure Protection.Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kecepatan aliran air di sekitar pilar jembatan memiliki peran penting dalam menyebabkan gerusan lokal (local scouring), yang berpotensi merusak stabilitas struktur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas deflektor bawah air berbentuk silinder pori bertulang dalam menurunkan kecepatan aliran, sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko gerusan pada fondasi jembatan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan eksperimental di Laboratorium Hidraulika Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, menggunakan saluran terbuka dengan kondisi yang menyerupai aliran sungai alami. Dua skenario debit digunakan, yaitu Q1 dan Q2, dengan pengamatan kecepatan aliran dilakukan pada interval waktu 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Data diambil pada 15 titik pengamatan di sepanjang saluran, baik sebelum maupun sesudah pemasangan deflektor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa deflektor mampu menurunkan kecepatan aliran secara signifikan. Pada debit Q1, kecepatan menurun dari rata-rata 0,618 m/dtk menjadi 0,39 m/dtk. Sementara pada Q2, terjadi penurunan dari 0,707 m/dtk menjadi 0,437 m/dtk. Selain itu, pola aliran berubah menjadi lebih stabil dan terkontrol, dengan berkurangnya formasi vorteks yang biasanya menyebabkan erosi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa deflektor silinder pori bertulang efektif sebagai strategi mitigasi gerusan yang adaptif dan efisien. Penggunaan struktur ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan secara luas dalam perencanaan dan perlindungan infrastruktur jembatan di lingkungan sungai berkecepatan tinggi.
ABSTRACT
The velocity of water flow around bridge piers plays a critical role in causing local scour, which threatens structural stability. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of reinforced porous cylindrical underwater deflectors in reducing flow velocity and mitigating scour risk. An experimental approach was conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar using an open channel flume simulating natural river conditions. Two discharge scenarios (Q1 and Q2) were tested, with flow velocities observed at intervals of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Data collection was carried out at 15 observation points along the channel, both before and after the installation of the deflector. The results show a significant reduction in flow velocity following the use of the deflector. Under Q1, the average velocity decreased from 0.618 m/s to 0.39 m/s, while under Q2, it dropped from 0.707 m/s to 0.437 m/s. Furthermore, the deflector contributed to more stable and controlled flow patterns, reducing vortex formation commonly associated with erosion. These findings demonstrate that reinforced porous cylinder deflectors are an effective, adaptive, and efficient strategy for local scour mitigation. The implementation of such structures offers promising potential in the planning and protection of bridge infrastructure located in high-velocity river environments.
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