Integrasi Arsitektur Terapeutik dalam Desain Rumah Sakit Jiwa: Studi Kasus di Makassar, Indonesia
Keywords:
Therapeutic Architecture, Healing Environment, Mental Health, Psychiatric Hospital, Makassar, Modular DesignAbstract
ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya prevalensi gangguan kesehatan mental di Kota Makassar, Indonesia, menandakan perlunya peningkatan fasilitas layanan kesehatan jiwa yang memadai. Studi ini mengusulkan desain Rumah Sakit Psikiatri di Makassar dengan pendekatan arsitektur terapeutik, yang menekankan pada lingkungan penyembuhan (healing environment), keterhubungan dengan alam (natural connection), dan kenyamanan psikologis (psychological comfort). Metodologi yang digunakan mencakup observasi lapangan, analisis spasial, serta penerapan kerangka deskriptif-analitik untuk mengintegrasikan data empiris dan kebutuhan pengguna. Tapak seluas 4,23 hektar ini ditata secara strategis dalam zona publik, semi-publik, privat, dan servis. Hasil utama menunjukkan integrasi elemen biofilik seperti taman terapeutik, ventilasi alami, dan material sensorik yang mendukung pemulihan mental. Bentuk modular heksagonal serta adaptasi budaya lokal memperkuat penerimaan masyarakat dan keharmonisan spasial. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur terapeutik dapat secara signifikan mengurangi stres, meningkatkan kepuasan pasien, dan mempercepat proses pemulihan. Studi ini memberikan model replikatif untuk pengembangan fasilitas psikiatri yang berkelanjutan dan berpusat pada manusia di kawasan Indonesia Timur.
ABSTRACT
The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders in Makassar, Indonesia, underscores the urgent need for improved psychiatric healthcare facilities. This study proposes a design for a Psychiatric Hospital in Makassar using a therapeutic architecture approach, emphasizing healing environments, natural connection, and psychological comfort. The methodology includes field observation, spatial analysis, and application of descriptive-analytic frameworks to integrate empirical data and user needs. The site spans 4.23 hectares and is strategically zoned into public, semi-public, private, and service areas. Key results demonstrate the integration of biophilic elements such as therapeutic gardens, natural ventilation, and sensory materials that support mental recovery. Hexagonal modular forms and cultural adaptation reinforce community acceptance and spatial harmony. The findings show that therapeutic architecture can significantly reduce stress, enhance patient satisfaction, and improve recovery outcomes. The study contributes a replicable model for sustainable, human-centered psychiatric facilities in Eastern Indonesia.
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