Integrasi Alam dalam Desain Pesisir: Pendekatan Biomimikri pada Oceanarium
Keywords:
Biomimicry Architecture, Oceanarium Design, Marine Conservation, Sustainable Coastal Architecture, Educational Tourism, Adaptive DesignAbstract
ABSTRAK
Studi ini mengeksplorasi penerapan pendekatan biomimikri dalam desain arsitektur Oceanarium di Kota Makassar, sebuah kota pesisir dengan keanekaragaman hayati laut yang signifikan. Terletak pada pertemuan antara pariwisata, pendidikan, dan konservasi, Oceanarium ini bertujuan merespons degradasi ekologi dan minimnya fasilitas edukasi kelautan yang terintegrasi. Dengan mengambil inspirasi dari bentuk-bentuk alami seperti terumbu karang dan gelombang laut, desain ini menggabungkan geometris yang mengalir, material transparan, dan program spasial adaptif untuk mendorong integrasi lingkungan dan pengalaman imersif bagi pengguna. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini menggabungkan analisis tapak, kajian literatur, studi banding kasus internasional, dan sketsa konseptual untuk merumuskan strategi desain yang kontekstual. Bangunan dirancang dengan zona-zona fungsional seperti area publik, edukasi, rekreasi, dan konservasi, yang dihubungkan melalui sirkulasi pengunjung menyerupai arus laut. Prinsip biomimikri diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan termal, ventilasi alami, dan ketahanan lingkungan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa biomimikri meningkatkan kinerja arsitektur baik secara estetika maupun fungsional. Pendekatan ini memfasilitasi praktik bangunan berkelanjutan, mendorong keterlibatan publik, dan selaras dengan konteks budaya serta ekologi lokal. Oceanarium ini tampil bukan hanya sebagai landmark arsitektur ikonik, tetapi juga sebagai laboratorium hidup untuk edukasi kelautan dan pelestarian lingkungan.
ABSTRACT
This study explores the application of biomimicry in the architectural design of an Oceanarium in Makassar City, a coastal metropolis with significant marine biodiversity. Positioned at the intersection of tourism, education, and conservation, the Oceanarium aims to respond to ecological degradation and the lack of integrated marine educational facilities. Drawing inspiration from natural forms such as coral reefs and ocean waves, the design incorporates fluid geometries, transparent materials, and adaptive spatial programming to promote environmental integration and user immersion. Methodologically, the research integrates site analysis, literature review, comparative international case studies, and conceptual sketching to formulate a contextual design strategy. The building features multiple zones, including public, educational, recreational, and conservation areas, connected through a visitor circulation system that mimics ocean currents. Biomimetic principles are applied to enhance thermal comfort, natural ventilation, and environmental resilience. The results indicate that biomimicry enhances architectural performance both aesthetically and functionally. It facilitates sustainable building practices, fosters public engagement, and aligns with local cultural and ecological contexts. The Oceanarium emerges as not only an iconic architectural landmark but also a living laboratory for marine education and environmental stewardship.
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