Irrigation Serviceability under Seasonal Scarcity: Digital Water Balances and Canal Deterioration in Pamukkulu
Keywords:
Irrigation Service Agreement, irrigation performance, water scarcity, SIPASI, canal conveyance lossAbstract
This study evaluates whether Irrigation Service Agreement (ISA) commitments remain physically deliverable under seasonal water scarcity and canal deterioration in the Pamukkulu Irrigation Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative design combined farmer questionnaires, field observations, and a 72-period five-day water balance generated by SIPASI across six SCADA-supported secondary-canal service units covering 2,885 ha. Service performance was assessed through equity, adequacy, and reliability, while principal survey proportions were summarized with Wilson 95% confidence intervals. Mean intake requirement was 4,796.8 L s−1, whereas mean available discharge was 2,380.6 L s−1, equivalent to 49.6% of requirement. The mean K factor was 0.47; full service occurred in 19 of 72 periods, while severe deficit occurred in 31 periods. During 1–11 September, available flow covered only 1.4–2.0% of intake demand. Farmers identified leakage as the dominant loss mechanism (72.7%), secondary canals as the highest-loss segment (60.6%), and downstream shortage as the main consequence (51.5%). The results support K-triggered scarcity rules, targeted secondary-canal maintenance, and tighter operational linkage among ISA, SIPASI, SCADA, and P3A.
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