Ecological Architecture for an Integrated Coffee Production and Tourism Center in Sinjai

Abstract

Coffee-producing regions often retain limited added value because cultivation, processing, education, product development, and tourism occur in separate locations. This study develops an ecological architecture framework for an integrated Coffee Production and Tourism Center in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi. The design-research method combined site observation, comparison of two location alternatives, climate and access analysis, user–activity mapping, spatial programming, precedent review, architectural synthesis, and qualitative evaluation. The result is a 2.5-ha campus comprising a visitor and education building, production building, greenhouse, cafe and restaurant, prayer facility, productive landscape, and connected open spaces. The documented net program totals 2,121 m²: the main visitor building accounts for 51.2%, while production, hospitality, and greenhouse functions represent 19.6%, 19.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. A coffee journey links nursery, cultivation, processing observation, workshops, tasting, and retail, while a separate service route protects hygiene and safety. Ecological strategies include climate-responsive orientation, natural ventilation and daylight, shading, contour-sensitive massing, local materials, rainwater management, wastewater separation, and coffee-residue utilization. The proposal demonstrates a spatial method for connecting agroindustry, visitor learning, community enterprise, and environmental systems. Its operational performance remains subject to simulation, engineering validation, stakeholder testing, and post-occupancy evaluation.