Investigasi Eksperimental Pengendalian Gerusan Pilar Jembatan Menggunakan Deflektor Arus Bawah Air Berpori
Keywords:
Gerusan Lokal, Pilar Jembatan, silinder pori bertulang, deflektor arus bawah air, saluran terbuka, local scour, bridge pier, reinforced porous cylinder, underwater current deflector, open-channel flowAbstract
ABSTRAK
Gerusan di sekitar pilar jembatan merupakan permasalahan hidraulik yang serius dan dapat mengancam stabilitas serta keselamatan struktur jembatan, khususnya pada sungai dengan variasi debit yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kecepatan aliran dan debit terhadap gerusan lokal serta mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan underwater current deflector dalam mengurangi kedalaman gerusan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium menggunakan saluran terbuka dengan model pilar jembatan berbentuk silinder pada dua variasi debit. Dua jenis deflektor berpori diuji, yaitu Silinder Pori Bertulang (SPB) dan Silinder Pori Tak Bertulang (SPTB). Kecepatan aliran diukur pada beberapa titik pengamatan, sedangkan kedalaman gerusan maksimum diukur setelah setiap pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan debit menyebabkan kenaikan kecepatan aliran dan kedalaman gerusan maksimum pada kondisi tanpa perlindungan. Pemasangan underwater current deflector terbukti mampu menurunkan kecepatan aliran lokal di dekat dasar saluran dan secara signifikan mengurangi kedalaman gerusan di sekitar pilar. Dibandingkan dengan SPTB, SPB menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik, terutama pada debit tinggi, karena memiliki kestabilan struktural yang lebih tinggi dalam memodifikasi pola aliran. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kombinasi porositas dan tulangan merupakan faktor penting dalam efektivitas perangkat mitigasi gerusan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi ilmiah dan praktis dalam perencanaan perlindungan pilar jembatan pada sungai yang rawan terhadap gerusan.
ABSTRACT
Scour around bridge piers is a critical hydraulic problem that can compromise the stability and safety of bridge structures, particularly in rivers with highly variable flow conditions. This study experimentally investigates the influence of flow velocity and discharge on local scour and evaluates the effectiveness of underwater current deflectors in reducing scour depth. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an open-channel flume using a cylindrical bridge pier model under two discharge conditions. Two types of porous deflectors were examined: a Reinforced Porous Cylinder (RPC) and a Non-Reinforced Porous Cylinder (NRPC). Flow velocity was measured at multiple observation points, while maximum scour depth was recorded after each test. The results indicate that increasing discharge leads to higher flow velocities and greater maximum scour depths under unprotected conditions. The installation of underwater current deflectors significantly reduced local flow velocities near the bed and decreased scour depth around the pier. Among the two models, the reinforced porous cylinder consistently demonstrated superior performance, particularly under higher discharge conditions, due to its enhanced structural stability and ability to maintain effective flow modification. These findings highlight the importance of combining porosity and structural reinforcement in scour mitigation devices. The study contributes experimental evidence to the understanding of porous, reinforced flow-control structures as effective countermeasures against bridge pier scour. The results may serve as a practical reference for designing safer and more resilient bridge foundations in rivers prone to severe scour.
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