Efektivitas Deflektor Silinder Pori Bertulang dalam Mengendalikan Aliran di Sekitar Pilar Jembatan
Keywords:
Gerusan Lokal, Pilar Jembatan, Deflector Arus Bawah Air, Silinder Pori Bertulang, Bilangan Froude, Stabilitas Aliran, Local Scour, Bridge Pier, Underwater Current Deflector, Reinforced Pore Cylinder, Froude Number, Flow StabilityAbstract
ABSTRAK
Gerusan lokal di sekitar pilar jembatan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan struktur dalam sistem hidraulik akibat interaksi kompleks antara aliran turbulen dan elemen fondasi. Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh pemasangan deflektor arus bawah air (Underwater Current Deflector/UCD) berbentuk silinder pori bertulang (SPB) terhadap karakteristik aliran di sekitar pilar jembatan. Eksperimen dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan model fisik dalam saluran terbuka dengan kondisi debit yang dikendalikan. Kecepatan aliran dan kedalaman air diukur, serta bilangan Froude dan Reynolds dihitung sebelum dan sesudah pemasangan SPB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deflektor secara signifikan menurunkan kecepatan aliran dan mengubah rezim aliran dari kondisi superkritis menjadi subkritis. Transisi ini mengindikasikan penurunan energi hidraulik dan turbulensi, sehingga meminimalkan potensi mobilisasi sedimen dan gerusan lokal. Analisis komparatif menegaskan efektivitas SPB dalam menstabilkan pola aliran dan menurunkan indikator energi aliran. Struktur berpori pada deflektor berperan sebagai peredam energi aliran, menjadikannya alternatif perlindungan hidraulik yang menjanjikan dibandingkan metode struktural konvensional. Meskipun temuan ini signifikan, studi ini juga mengakui keterbatasan model skala laboratorium dalam mereplikasi kondisi sungai alami secara menyeluruh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lanjutan melalui validasi lapangan dan simulasi numerik sangat dianjurkan. Studi ini memberikan dasar praktis bagi pengembangan deflektor hidraulik untuk perlindungan pilar jembatan.
ABSTRACT
Local scour around bridge piers is a major cause of structural failure in hydraulic systems due to complex interactions between turbulent flows and foundation elements. This study investigates the effect of installing an underwater current deflector (UCD) in the form of a reinforced pore cylinder (SPB) on flow characteristics around a bridge pier. A laboratory flume experiment was conducted using physical models at controlled discharge conditions. Flow velocity and water depth were measured, and Froude and Reynolds numbers were calculated before and after the installation of the SPB. The results show that the deflector significantly reduces flow velocity and shifts flow regimes from supercritical to subcritical conditions. This transition indicates a reduction in hydraulic energy and turbulence, thus minimizing the potential for sediment mobilization and local scour. Comparative analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the SPB in stabilizing flow patterns and reducing flow energy indicators. The porous structure of the deflector acts as a flow energy dissipator, making it a promising hydraulic protection alternative to traditional structural methods. While the findings are significant, the study acknowledges the limitations of laboratory-scale models in replicating real river conditions. Further research involving field validation and numerical simulations is recommended. This study provides a practical basis for the development of hydraulic deflectors for bridge pier protection.
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